Safety apparatus for internal-combustion engines



March '29, 1932. 1,851,610

SAFETY APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES N. E. WERNBERG FiledAug. 28, 1928 m m m V. m mW M i A z .e M W w l m E m 0Q V l I I l I I II I l l l I l a Q Auk .wJ g u R gm N QM gm m DA EN 1% a NN N T N o .Ill. r\ ,1 I a I I J A w w: Q G g Q m 3w QM U n i r U mkw \M 3m i meansor pumping apparatusB which hasa fuel pump cylinder for each cylinder ofthe Patented Mar. 1932 nrnns E. wEnNBERG, or FRANKLIN;rnNnsYLvnniA,ASSIGNOR roiorrioiieorunu- MATIC TOOLCOMIBANY, on NEW YORK, u. Acoa-researc er unwisnsni' V SAFETY Ar'rnnarus F012 inr'nnu rn oivinusrioir EuGiNiis;

Application filed "August as, 1s28. Se ria1 N'o. 302,505.

This invention relates to prime movers particularly internal combustionengines of the type WillClillfiVG force feed circulat on of a mediumadapted to lubricate orto cool the engine.

One object of the invention is to provide" apparatus for stopping'tlieengine in the event of failure or seriousimpairment of the circulatingsystem. Another ob' ect is to make such apparatus simple and readilyapplicable to both old and new'engiiies.- Another object is to securepositive operation-of such apparatus. Further objects will b'e app'arentfrom the detailed description which follows. In order to illustrate theinvention, one

concrete embodiment thereof is shown in the" accompanying drawings inwhich 7:

Fig. '1 is a side elevational view of an'internal combustion engineequipped with the invention;

' Fig.2 is a side elevational view partly cut awayof the lower portionof the fuel feeding means disclosed in Fig, 1; a V. Fig. 3 is afragmentary sectionalview sub- I stantially on the line 33 ofFig. 2andshowing a portion ofthe top or-cylinder m b of the fuel feeding device;1 i

The embodiment of theinventioii chosen for the purpose ofill'ustrationis shown in relation to a multi-cylinder prime inover A of theinternalcombus'tion type. Thejengin'e shown is of thesix cylinder Dieseltype, pro vided adj acent 1 one end with fuel, feeding engine. throughThis circuit may be either the water cooling system or the force feedlubricating system.

' In the presentinstancethe lubricating syste is the one illustrated andcomprises an engine-driven lubricant I pump 4 which" dis-. chargesthrough a pipe 5 into lubricant manifold 6 extending the length of theengine and also adapted to be supplied manually with lubricant underpressure. when the en-H gine is to be started througha hand-operatedpump which discharges into manifold 6 thi'oughpipe 8. A i e In order toprotectthe engine against dam-- The engine "also providesa'circuit.which a liquid medium is circulated.

,stop the engine by'mechanismnowl'tdbe dey 7 i i V 1001' "age which mayresultfrom operating ith I f an insufficient supply ordistribution of:lubricant; means are provided for {automatically stoppiiigthe enginell'ltlle event of' loss of "pressure in the lubricating. circuit. 1 Themeans for this purpose arepdisclosed in detail 111F1g$22l11d 3. ''Thesafety device, as. shown,

is applied to the ifue'l pump apparatus. and

is arranged to: render the same inoperative when the lubricantpressurefalls to a predetermined minimum. .To thlS end a reciprocable shaft 9-ismounted inbearings 10 and 11 in the base of fuel pumping apparatus B.

12 which'isthreaded into an opening in the base of the pumping apparatusand provides a chamber 12a which ispartlyclosed by a perforatedplate 13having a threaded extensioi 13a to which is secureda cylindrical cap 14.Shaft 9 extends through chamber 12a,

through the perforation in plate 13 and into thechamber provided by :cap'14:, a head 15 being suitable pinned orr'otherwise secured Bearing 10is provided by a cylinder member to, the extreme end ofv shaft 9,Interposed 7 between head 15 and plate, 13 is a heavy coil spring 16.which normally: urges and inaintains shaft 9 at thelimit of its movementto r he right. Shaft 9has a key 130engaging' a close sliding fit inchamber 121m The right hand side ofpistoii 17; is arranged .to besub-1ected to the pressure in the force feed lubri eating system of engineAthroughgan inlet 7 pipe 18 which connects with n -anifoldd (Fig. 1) Adrain 19 takes care ofany leakage slot 136 in plate 13 to prevent theshaft from turning and has a pistonl'? which makes 90 if past piston 17by conducting it by apipe 19" V into the cam housing of engine A.Lubri-' cating oil pressure which reaches chamber:

12athrough the perforation or bore in plate 13 thrust against piston 17thereloy overcom- J ing and compressing spring 16, and move s" shaft: 9to, the'left'to the position shown in 'Fig. 2 andmaintains it inthis'position. If for any reason the w oil pressure drops below theminimum allowed by spring 16,-; the latterwi'llovercome the oil pressureand move shaft Qitothefright. This movement will scribed.

I Shaft 9 hasa series of cuts or notches 20,

a, 20?), 200, 2055 and. 20c, six in number,

correspondingtosthe number of fuel pump;

and engine cylinders. These notches, in the running position-of the, engne 2 re-. celve corresponding andcooperatn'ig plung ers 21,21a, 21?),210, 2lcl'and 216 with a clear.-

ance. Immediately to the left of the notches are slants or cam'surfaces22, 22a,22b, 22c, 22d 1' and 226 which engage-and-lift theplungers when spring .16 moves shaft 9 to the right.

- Since the plungers and'them'echanism actuated thereby are the same foreach pump cyl-.

inder, description of one will'sufh'ce, the sec- -tion..sho.wn in, Fig.3 corresponding to a sec- "'ti'on. through any, one ofthe sin plungers.

. -"Plunger 21 is; differential in fornrand makes a close sliding fit in'thediiierential. bore of a guide member, 23., which extends. throughthe wall of the fuel chamber 24: of the pumping apparatus. Plunger2l hasa centralbore n receiving, in partly telescoping engagement and with aclose sliding fit, a second plunger member 25, which is provided with ahead a. Interposed between head 25a andplung er 21 and encircling thestem of plunger 25 isa coil spring 26fwhich establishes a resilientconnection between the. two plungers and yieldingly'resists Zfurthertelescoping enjffgagementof the same. The plungers. are disposeddirectly beneath the inlet valve-a which r is normally held closed by. aspring I) which is 1 sufiiciently; light to en'able'the inlet valve tosuction: operated. The opening of inlet valve'a admits fuel toipassage.cwhich 8X1 tends to the fuel pump 1 andthe, amount of the fueladmitted, which ,becOmesavailable for the cylinder charge may be,arrangedto be variedinaccordance withthe usual prac= type indicated atd.

-. tice by governor control means'of any suitable,

'Frointhe aboveitwill-ebe apparent that" when the oil pressure fails andspring ,16'

* I moves: shaft-'9to the right, cam surface 22 Will engage plunger 21and move the. latter together'withplunger 25 supported thereby.

f into contact with tliesteniend of inletvalve Y a, overcommgthesprmg Z)and forc ng and holding the lnletvalveopen so that thereis mere surgingorby-passing of the fuel: aroundinlet valve a and none of the chargereaches the engine cylinder, thus stoppingthe lengine. The function ofthe resilient-telee scoping connection of the first and second--plunger-members 21: and 25 is to enable shaft 9 to move to therightwhen one 'or more of 'f the' inlet valve s a is'suhjected momentarily toa heavy pressure through the action' of the P mp Piston (not shoWn'lJlnsu'ch an 111- :20

stationary'after engaging the end of valve stant the'upper plungerremainssubstantially a,'theinovement ofthejlower plunger 21 be, 1

"ing permittedby the telescoping engagement of the two plungers and theresilienticonnec.

tion provided byv spring 26. The-inlet valves I P ur nsa ir uit .comp

not'subject to heavy pressure will be opened and the engine will stop.The long bearing.

surfaces between first plunger 21 andits guide 23 and between secondplunger 25 and first. plunger 21 with the. tight fits therein main,

taining,1 preve nt'leakage offuel from chamber 24. .The camshaft 27shown .inFig/ as extending through fuel chamber 24 and 'which is'similar in all respects. to shaft 9, is

arranged formanual operationtoenable the operator to stop the engine atwill by by-passing the fuel around the inlet valve. v

WVhile apreferred form of the invention has'been herein shown and,described, it is to be understood that the invention 1S not limitedtothe specific details thereof but covers all changes, 1 1nodiiica tions,and adaptations within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention; v p

1. The-combination with an internalcom- .bustion engine having aforce'feed circulatsure in said system for affecting the fuel supply tothe engine comprising a re'ciprocable'shaft, a by-pass valve forthe fuelsupply,

and aplunger having relatively yieldable.

p arts actuated bysaid sh-aft for opening said valve. i

.ing systenn of means controlled by the pres- I 2. Tlie corhbiriationwith an internal com bustion': engine havinga force feed circulatingsystelmofmeans controlled by the pressure .in said system for affectingthe fuel supply tothe engine comprising a by-pass valve for v thefuelsupply,a shaft in line with the axis ing system, of means controlledby thepresf sure in said system-for affecting the fuel sup ,ply to-theengine comprising.a'reciprocable shaft, a by-pass valve .for the fuelsupply movable in adirection' transverse to theniove- -m-ent of saidshaft, :and a resilient plunger I actuated by said shaft forOPSIllIlgSillCl valve.

.- A. The combination. with aninternal combustion engine having aforcefeed circulatingsystem, of means controlled by the pres:

surein said system for affecting the fuel supply to theengine comprisinga recip'rocable shaft, a by-passfvalve for the fuel supply, a r

multi-part plunger arranged tobe actuated by said'shaft for opening saidvalve, and a. 1

resilient connection between the parts of said I plunger.

5. Thecombination with an internal com- 'bllShlOIl engine hav ngaplurality of cylinders, fuel feedingmeans for each: of said ylindersand a circuitthrough which a liquid mediumis circulated under pressure,of V means for stopping the engine upon loss of f ,i i A P cable shaftsubjected to the pressurein said circuit, a series of inlet valves forthe fuel feeding means movable transversely of the axis of sa1d shaft,and means assoclated with said shaft for opening all of said valvessimul taneously.

6. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a pluralityof cylinders, fuel feeding means for each of said cylinders and acircuit through which a'liquid medium is circulated under pressure, ofmeans for stopping the engine upon lossfof pressure in said circuitcomprising a reciprocable shaft subjected to the pressure in saidcircuit, a series of inlet valves for the'fuel feeding means, and meanscontrolled by said shaft for simultaneously opening all of said valvesbut ermitting one or more ofthem to remain c osed without interferingwith the opening of the other valves. 7 v

7. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a pluralityof cylin ders, fuel feeding means for each of said cylinders andacircuit throughwhich a liquid medium is circulated under pressure, ofmeans for stopping the engine upon loss of pressure in said circuitcomprising a recipro cable shaft subjected to the pressure insaidcircuit, a series of inlet valves for the fuel feeding means, said shaftbeing movable transversely of the axisof said valves, and

means actuated by said shaft including a series of plungers forsimultaneously opening said valves.

'8. The combination with an internal combustion engine having aplurality of cylin ders, fuel feeding means for each of said cylindersand a circuit through which a liquid.

medium is circulated under pressure, of means for stopping the engineupon loss of pressure in said circult comprising a reciprocable'shaftsubjected to the pressure in said circuit, a series of inlet valvesforthe fuel feeding means, and a series ofplungers actuk 'ated by saidshaft for "openingsaid valves,

each plunger being resilientlycontractable to permit one or more of sa1dvalves to re-v main closed without interfering with the movement of saidshaft. l

9. The combination'with an internal combustion engine having a pluralityof cylinders, fuel feeding means for each of said cylinders and acircuit through which a liquid medium is circulated under pressure, ofmeans for stopping the engine upon loss of pressure in said circuitcomprising a reciprocable shaft subjected to the pressure in saidcircuit, a series of inlet valves for the fuel feeding means, a seriesof plungers for en gaging said valves, said shaft being disposed beneathsaid plungers and movable transversely thereof, and a series of cams onsaid shaft for engaging said plungers to move the latter to open saidvalves. a

10. In combination with a fuel pump for a Diesel engine a suctionoperated inlet valve f r id: p p, man arranger-c n ge Said valye'tolopenfthe same and render the pump noperative, 1 a jrec'iprocable,shaft l ,foi."

actuating saidkfmeans, resilient means'lfor f inoying said: shaft 1,valve opening position, nd man -tte a d bs iect ie P i sure fluid toovercome said resilient m an and leav'e'said valvefree to operate.

11.; In combination witha ;f

pump for a Die'sel engine a suction operated inlet valve for saidpump,meansfarr'anged 'toengag'e, t

said'valve toi openfthe 'sameiand render the pump inoperative, areciprocable shaft for actuatingsaid'means, a,springfor moving saidshaftto valve opening position, fch am b'er forpressure fluidladj acentmeanssubjecting [said shaft't {the -thrust of pressurelfiuid lintsaidffcharnberfto overcome spring 1 and leave said valve free to opcrate. p

12, Injcombinationwitha fuel pump for a Dieselfengine' a suctionoperatedinletvalve for said pump, j ine ansf arranged gt'o' engage said,valve to open; the same and render; the

pump "inoperative, reciprocable shaft for said shaft, and

actuating said means, agsp rin for moving said shaft to-1valve;op.ening;position, I and a piston on said shaft'arran'ged to besubjected topressure fluid to o-vercomesaid spring and leave said valve free tooperate. 7

13. The combination with a multi-cylinder fuel pump for a multi-cylinderDieselengine, f a suction actuated inlet valve for each of said pumpcylinders, plungers arranged toengage said valves to move the same toopen position means' movable transversely of sa1d plungers foractuatmgthe same, and opposed resilient and fluid pressuremeans foractuatingsaid means. H V j 14. The combination with a multicylinder fuelpump for a multi-cylinder Diesel engine, 7 a suction actuated inletvalve for". each of said pump cylinders, plungers arranged to ice engagesaid valves to move'the same to open a of said chamber, aplungerslidably supported by said member, a second plunger in telescopingengagement wlth said ,firstplunger, a resilient connection between saidplungers, and meansfor actuating said first plunger to cause said secondplunger to engage sa1d valve.

16. The combination with a fuel pump'for a Diesel engine, saidpumpproviding a fuel chamber, a valve controlling the fuel passing ifrom said chamber to the 'pump proper,,a

